A character encoding system consists of a code that pairs each character from a given repertoire with something else, such as a sequence of natural numbers, octets or electrical pulses, in order to facilitate the transmission of data (generally numbers and/or text) through telecommunication networks or storage of text in computers.
A character code may be represented as a bit pattern, octets, or a sequence of electrical pulses.
Wikipedia have a huge list of character encoding, visit Wikipedia - Character encoding.
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